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Science

Is Evolution true?

July 5, 2025
Science
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On 24th November 1859 Darwin published a book, Origin of species.Book is based on universal ancestry and natural selection.It was a revolutionary idea and it changed the way we ever thought about life.

Universal ancestry means every living being that ever lived have decended from some one primodial form. Natural selection is a fairly simple idea. Offsprings that have features favourable to the environment will survive others will die out. When the features favourable to the environment are preserved over a long time,a new species may emerge

But there was a problem, the theory did not match with the existing fossil records.Evolution needs many millions of years for animals to evolve. But fossil records show a sudden appearence of animals. This came to be known as Cambrian explosion. Darwin had his expectations. He thought that predecessors to Cambrian animals would be found over time

Darwin himself talks about this in the book "The difficulty of understanding the absence of vast piles of fossiliferous strata which on my theory were no doubt somewhere accumulated before the Silurian(Cambrian) epoch is very great

Charles Doolittle Walcott, the director of smithsonian institution while on an excavation in Burgess made a dramatic discovery. His team collected 65,000 fossils all belonging to the mid-Cambrian era.The discovery of fossils at chenjiang(china).These discoveries proved that Cambrian animals appeared more exclusively than previously realized

Another argument is that predecessors of Cambrian animals were soft bodied and could not be preserved.But in Warowoona Group Strata of western Australia fossilized cyano bacteria are preserved in rocks more than 3 billion years old.Single-celled algae were also found

Single-celled algae and bacteria are far older and far more likely tobe destroyed than near ancestors of Cambrian animals.This rgument also posess another problem, it is not viable for complex body plans as seen in Cambrian animals to evolve from soft-bodied animals.

Later it was discoverd that it is mutation i.e changes in genetic information that gave rise to chnages in organisms and later evolution.What are the odds that a new species will emerge by mutation?An average length protien represents just one possible sequence among 10^390 possible amino acid sequences.Putting it into perspective there are only 10^65 atoms in the milky way galaxy

It has been experimentally determined that probability of getting a new functional protein 1/10^77.There have been only 10^40 organisms on planet earth considering its entire history of over 3.5 billion years. Even if we consider that all organisms generated a new sequence of DNA everytime it replicated it'd only be searching 1 out of 10 trillion trillion trillionths of the possibilities.Which is overwhelmingly more likely to be false than true.